Giovanni F. Akola, Franco Cardini, Domenico Del Niro, Giordano Bruno Gehry, Gennaro Margiri, Gennaro San Giuliano, Mirella Seri, Marcelo Veneziani.
Kwatsala maola ochepa kuti mukhale ndi usiku wamatsenga kwambiri pachaka: wa Januware 5, Usiku wa Befana, womwe umatchedwanso "Usiku wa Khumi ndi chiwiri" chifukwa umachitika masiku khumi ndi awiri pambuyo pa Khrisimasi ndikumaliza nthawi yodutsa kuchokera ku vegionque du. capod annocua du capod mtundu, choncho, monga "mutu wa chaka" uliwonse uli wodzaza ndi matsenga.
Izi zimakumbukiridwanso ndi mwambi wofala makamaka ku Romagna ndi Tuscany, pamene amakhulupirira kuti nyama zimalankhulana pakati pausiku, madzulo a Epiphany: Mare ". Ankakhulupiriranso kuti ma subbias adathawa kuzunzidwa kwa ambuye awo ndipo chifukwa chake pa Januware 5 alimi adawombera zilombo zawo mopanda mantha, ndi ma caress ndi chakudya chochuluka kuti adye.
Koma ankakhulupiriranso kuti akufa amabadwa mu nyama zokhazikika zomwe zinapeza luso lamatsenga m'maola amenewo, monga Amagi Atatu anali olosera: chifukwa chake mboni yosasamala yomwe ikanafuna kumvera guistat Luareboretal. wa Pasquella, monga momwe amatchulidwiranso Befana, mayi wina wapakhomo adagwa pansi atagwidwa ndi magetsi atamvetsera ng'ombe zake m'khola akulosera za imfa yake: - "Kodi ndikudziwa momwe ndingachitire imfa yake", anafunsa mmodzi wa atsikana. Ndipo winayo anayankha kuti:- "Mawa m'mawa adzapita naye kukamuika."
Mwachidule, zenizeni zomwe zimakondwerera usiku uno, monga Alfredo Cattabiani akulemba, mu "Lunario" (Mondadori) ndi munthu wamkazi wa chaka, Mayi Nature amene, atafika kumapeto kwa chaka kapena okalamba elchiata befana elchiutions, " Dry Comare" omwe adzadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa, monga momwe zimachitikira m'malo ambiri ku Italy, makamaka kumapeto kwa Lent: chifukwa chake, asanamwalire, amapereka maswiti ndi chisomo. yaku Italy yomwe idzawonekeranso mu kasupe ku Naturas.
M'matauni ena, makamaka chapakati chakumpoto kwa Italy, kuchokera ku Abruzzo kupita ku Romagna ndi Tuscany, pa Usiku wa Khumi ndi Chiwiri akadali mwambo wakale kwambiri ndiyeno wachikhristu, womwe ndi "kuimba Pasquella" ndi nyumba. Pali magulu a achinyamata ndi achikulire, otchedwa "befanotti", omwe atatha kuimba amalandira mazira, mkate, tchizi, soseji: posinthanitsa ndi mphatso opemphapempha amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha chaka chatsopano ndi zofuna zawo. Ndime izi zimatikumbutsa izi:
Mwambo wa Pasquella ukadalipo ku Recanati, kumene ana kwaya akuimba mavesi monga awa:
Ndi mavesi omwe amatchulanso za phwando la Epiphany ku Eastern Christianity, akadali ndi moyo ku Italy ku Piana degli Albanesi, m'chigawo cha Palermo, kumene ubatizo wa Yesu ukukondwerera, monga momwe zinachitikira ku Orostiente, Basilians omwe adakondwerera ubatizo. wa Yesu wokhulupirira kuti kubadwa kwa thupi kunachitika osati pa kubadwa koma pa ubatizo. Kenako phwandolo linatengedwa ndi Mipingo ya Kum’maŵa, kudzisintha kukhala chikondwerero kanayi cha kubadwa kwa Khristu, kupembedza kwa Amagi, ubatizo wake ndi chozizwitsa choyamba ku Kana.
Pomaliza, chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, kubadwa kwa Yesu sikunakumbukiridwe, komwe kunakhazikitsidwa pa December 25, koma kupembedza kwa Amagi: pambuyo pake, mawu akuti Epiphany amatanthauza "Mawonetseredwe", ndipo kwenikweni Sicele braenna ya "Kuwonetsera" Mulungu kuti. anthu mwa Mwana wake Yesu”, woimiridwa ndi Anzeru Atatu. Kuchokera ku Epifania Zingatengere dzina la Befana wakale: poyamba linasandulika kukhala "Pifania" kenako "Befania".
Anthu akum'maŵa amatchanso kuti Epiphany "chikondwerero cha magetsi", ndipo pokumbukira chikondwerero cha "pignarul" chikuchitika ku Tarcento, m'chigawo cha Udine: madzulo nyenyezi imakwezedwa pamwamba pa pentica Cordico Asia Yotsatiridwa ndi Anzeru atatu. Amuna kumbuyo kwa gulu lalitali la anthu ovala zovala zakale atanyamula tochi.
Nyenyeziyi imakhalanso protagonist ku Veneto ndi Friuli ya "kufunafuna kwa Mafumu Atatu": anthu atatu odzibisa ngati Amagi ndikutsatiridwa ndi gulu la anzawo amapita kunyumba ndi nyumba atanyamula m'manja mwawo nyenyezi yodabwitsa ya carilta ndi posinthanitsa ndi “nyimbo ya nyenyezi” imene adzalandira chakudya kapena ndalama.
Koma tiyeni tibwerere ku Befana yemwe ku Italy amadziwika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: mwachitsanzo "Vecchia" ku Pavia, "Pifania" ku Lario Orientale, "Vecia" kapena "Stria" ku Mantua, Padua, Treviso ndi Verona; ndiyeno "Pasquetta" ku Legnago pamene ku Venice amatchedwa "Marantega" kapena "Redodesa", dzina lomwe limapezekanso ku Belluno Alps ndi zosiyana "Redosega", "Redosola" ndi "Redosa".
Palinso "Sibilia" ku Pirano, "Donnazza" ku Borca di Cadore, "Anguana" ku Cortina d'Ampezzo ndi "Berola" m'chigawo cha Treviso. Ndipo potsiriza "Femenate" kapena "Marangule" mu Friuli; "Barbasa" Modena; Piacenza "Mara" ndi Bologna "Voecia"!
Ndipo ngakhale kuti mfiti zonse zakale zimakhala ndi ntchito yofanana, ndiko kubweretsa mphatso usiku wa Epiphany, si onse omwe amawoneka ofanana, monga momwe nyimbo ya nazale ikuwonetsera:
Kalekale, ana Achiroma, pamene anali kuyembekezera kufika kwa Befana usiku wa January 5th, anaimba nyimbo yotchuka ya ana achiroma:
Ndipo "Land of Bbephany" ili kuti, owerenga adzafunsa? Chabwino, pali ena omwe amanena kuti zili bwino ku Rome, ku Piazza Navona, kumene masiku ano masitolo ambiri amasonyeza mphatso zomwe "Bbefana" idzabweretsa kwa ana aang'ono.
Ndipo zikunenedwa kuti ili pakati pa madenga a bwalo lokongola lomwe iye ndi mwamuna wake Bbefanoto amapanga mphatso zazing'ono chaka chonse. Inde, panthawi ya ntchito yaikulu ana awo awiri omwe mwachizolowezi amakhala, mmodzi ku Sicily, ku Cefalù, ndi wina ku Tuscany, pafupi ndi Garfagnana, amabwera kudzawathandiza.
Mwanayo amatchedwa Maccavaddu ndipo iye, yemwe ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wamkulu, ndiye amene adzathandize amayi ake kunyamula zikwama zodzaza ndi zoseweretsa patsache lake lamatsenga usiku wa Januware 5.
M'malo mwake, mwana wamkazi wa "Bbefana" - dzina lachiroma la Befana - amatchedwa Pifanietta ndipo ndi wabwino kwambiri kusoka masokosi achikuda omwe ana adzayenera kusiya pamoto, kapena pa davanrazale de la davaniole Marcfan's madzulo a madzulo a Epiphany inayimbidwa m'matauni ena ku Tuscany:
Koma ngakhale mu Marche Befana ali ndi nyumba, makamaka m'tawuni ya Urbania, pafupi ndi Pesaro, kumene chaka chilichonse pa January 6 Befanas onse a padziko lapansi amakumana, omwe ali oposa Costinphiliacs ndi maswiti okongola odzaza ndi mphatso zazing'ono.
Mulimonsemo, ndipo dzina lake ndi malo omwe amakhala, Mkazi Wachikulire wabwino yemwe pa Usiku wa Khumi ndi Ziwiri pambuyo pa Khirisimasi, kumapeto kwa nthawi ya kusintha pakati pa chakale ndi chaka chatsopano, amafika nthawi yake ku Epibania albetro, monga kale. anatchula, kuti umunthu wa Mayi Nature, atafika kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira mkombero; ndipo chifukwa chake amadziwonetsa ngati mfiti yokalamba komanso yabwino yokwera tsache lowuluka.
Kupitilira izi zonse, kubwera kwa Befana kukupitilizabe kukhala chikondwerero chachikulu kwa ana omwe angadikire kuti abwererenso chaka chino, monga momwe nyimbo ina ya nazale imatsimikizira, akukwera pa scooter.
Koma samalani, a Befana sakufuna mboni, ndiye usikuuno ana agona msanga, apo ayi Nkazi Wachikulire wabwino awuluke osayima. Ndipo koposa zonse ayenera kukhala abwino ndi owolowa manja ndi onse omwe alibe kanthu, chifukwa Befana wamatsenga amawona ndi kumva, monga mavesi a Pascoli amati:
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