Giovanni F. Akola, Franco Cardini, Domenico Del Niro, Giordano Bruno Gehry, Gennaro Margiri, Gennaro San Giuliano, Mirella Seri, Marcelo Veneziani.
Waxaa jira dhowr saacadood oo kaliya ayaa ka haray habeenka ugu quruxda badan sanadka: Janaayo 5th, Habeenka Befana, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Habeenka Laba iyo Tobnaad" sababtoo ah waxay dhacdaa laba iyo toban maalmood ka dib Christmas-ka waxayna soo afjartaa muddada marinka vegionque du. capod annocua du capod sort, oo sidaas daraaddeed, sida "madaxa sanadka" kasta, waxaa ka buuxa sixir.
Taas waxa kale oo lagu xasuustaa maahmaah aad ugu baahsanayd Romagna iyo Tuscany, oo la aaminsanaa in xayawaanku isla sheekaysan jireen saqdii dhexe ee habeenimo, habeenka Epiphany: Mare”. Waxa kale oo la rumaysan yahay in subiayadu ay ka baxsadeen dhibaatadii sayidkooda ku hayeen, sidaas darteed 5-tii Janaayo ayay beeralaydu si hagar la’aan ah u toogteen dugaaggoodii, salaax iyo cunto aad u tiro badan.
Laakiin sidoo kale waxaa la rumaysan yahay in kuwii dhintay ay ku dhex milmeen xayawaan deggan oo helay awood faalnimo saacadahaas, sida Saddexda Magi waxay ahaayeen faaliyayaal: sidaas darteed markhaatiga aan digtoonayn ee doonayay inuu dhagaysto iyaga guistat Luareboretal. ee Pasquella ah, sida Befana sidoo kale loogu yeero, naag guri ayaa ku dhacday koronto dhulka ka dib markii ay dhegeysatay lo'deeda oo ku taal meel xasilloon oo saadaalisay dhimashadeeda: - "Ma aqaan sida loo dareemo dhimashadeeda", ayuu waydiiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhaha saaxiibada ah. Kii kalena wuxuu ugu jawaabay:- Berri subax ayay geyn doonaan si loo aaso.
Marka la soo koobo, dhab ahaantii waxa loo dabaaldego habeenkan, sida uu qoray Alfredo Cattabiani, "Lunario" (Mondadori) waa shakhsiyadda haweenka ee sanadka, Dabeecadda Hooyada, oo gaadhay dhammaadka sanadka ama da'da elchiata befana elchiutions, " Comare qallalan" oo markaas la miinshaar doono oo la gubi doono, sida weli ka dhacda meelo badan oo Talyaaniga ah, gaar ahaan dhammaadka Soonka: sidaas darteed, ka hor intaanay dhiman, waxay bixisaa nacnac iyo nimcooyin. Talyaaniga oo dib uga soo muuqan doona guga Naturas.
Magaalooyinka qaar, gaar ahaan bartamaha-waqooyiga Talyaaniga, laga bilaabo Abruzzo ilaa Romagna iyo Tuscany, habeenka laba iyo tobnaad waxaa weli ka jira caado aad u qadiimi ah ka dibna Masiixiyiin, kuwaas oo ah "heesaha Pasquella" iyo guryaha. Waxaa jira kooxo dhalinyaro iyo waayeel ah, oo loo yaqaan "befanotti", kuwaas oo ka dib heesa helaya ukunta, rootiga, jiiska, sausages: beddelka hadiyadaha tuugsada waxay kor u qaadaan barwaaqada sanadka cusub rabitaankooda. Aayadahani waxay ina xasuusinayaan:
Dhaqanka Pasquella wuxuu weli ku nool yahay Recanati, halkaas oo hobolada carruurtu ay ku heesaan aayado sidan oo kale ah:
Waxay yihiin aayado sidoo kale tilmaamaya Iiddii Epiphany ee Masiixiyadda Bari, oo weli ku nool Talyaaniga Piana degli Albanesi, oo ku taal gobolka Palermo, halkaas oo baabtiiska Ciise lagu dabaaldego, sida ka dhacday Orostiente, Basiliyiinta oo u dabaaldegay baabtiiska. Ciise oo rumaysan in jidhku aanu ahayn dhalashadii laakiin markii la baabtiiskii. Ka dib iidda waxaa qaatay Kaniisadaha Bari, iyada oo isu beddeshay dabbaaldegga afarta jeer ee dhalashada Masiixa, cibaadada Magi, baabtiiskiisa iyo mucjisadii ugu horreysay ee Kana.
Ugu dambeyntiina, xagga qarnigii 5aad, ma dhalashada Ciise la xusuustaa, dhigay December 25, laakiin cibaadada ee Magi: ka dib oo dhan, erayga Epiphany ka dhigan tahay "Maanifestation", iyo dhab ahaantii Sicele braenna ee "Muuqashada" Ilaah niman ku jira Wiilkiisa Ciise”, oo ay metelaan Saddexda Nin ee xigmadda leh. Laga soo bilaabo Epifania Waxay qaadan doontaa magaca Befana hore: markii hore waxay isu beddeshay "Pifania" ka dibna "Befania".
Orientals waxay sidoo kale ugu yeeraan Epiphany "I damaashaadka nalalka", iyo xusuusteeda xafladda "pignarul" waxay ka dhacdaa Tarcento, oo ku taal gobolka Udine: galabnimada xiddigta ayaa la saaray dusha sare ee pentica Cordico Asia oo ay ku xigto saddex xigmad leh Rag daba dheeraatay oo dad labisan dharkii dhexe oo toosh sita.
Xiddiggu sidoo kale waa jilaagii labadaba Veneto iyo Friuli ee "raadintii Saddexda Boqor": saddex qof ayaa isu ekeysiiyay sidii Magi oo ay raaceen socod ka mid ah facooda guri ilaa guri iyagoo gacmaha ku sita xiddig asal ah oo Carilta ah iyo oo ay ku beddelanayaan "heestii xiddiga" oo ay ku heli doonaan cunto ama lacag.
Laakin aan dib ugu laabano Befana oo Talyaaniga looga yaqaan magacyo badan oo kala duwan: tusaale ahaan "Vecchia" ee Pavia, "Pifania" ee Lario Orientale, "Vecia" ama "Stria" ee Mantua, Padua, Treviso iyo Verona; ka dibna "Pasquetta" ee Legnago halka Venice waxaa loo yaqaan "Marantega" ama "Redodesa", magaca sidoo kale laga helay Belluno Alps kala duwanaansho "Redosega", "Redosola" iyo "Redosa".
Waxaa sidoo kale jira "Sibilia" ee Pirano, "Donnazza" ee Borca di Cadore, "Anguana" ee Cortina d'Ampezzo iyo "Berola" ee gobolka Treviso. Iyo ugu dambeyntii "Femenate" ama "Marangule" ee Friuli; "Barbasa" Modena; Piacenza “Mara” iyo Bologna “Voecia”!
In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhammaan saaxiriintii hore ay leeyihiin hawl isku mid ah, taas oo ah in ay hadiyado keenaan habeenka Epiphany, dhammaantood isku mid maaha, sida qaafiyaddan xannaanadu muujinayso:
Beri baa caruurtii Roomaanka iyagoo sugaya imaatinka Befana habeenka 5-ta Janaayo, waxay ku heesi jireen hees caan ah oo Roomaan ah:
Oo aaway "Land of Bbephany", akhristayaasha ayaa weydiin doona? Waa hagaag, waxaa jira kuwa sheegaya in ay ku habboon tahay Rome, Piazza Navona, halkaas oo maalmihii ugu dambeeyay daraasiin dukaamo ah ay muujinayaan hadiyadaha "Bbefana" u keeni doono kuwa yaryar.
Oo xitaa waxaa la sheegay in ay ka mid tahay saqafka sare ee barxadda quruxda badan halkaas oo iyada iyo ninkeeda Bbefanoto ay sameeyaan hadiyado yar sanadka oo dhan. Dabcan, waqtiyada shaqada weyn labadooda carruur ah oo dhaqan ahaan ku nool, mid Sicily, Cefalù, iyo kan kale ee Tuscany, oo u dhow Garfagnana, ayaa u yimid inay caawiyaan.
Wiilka waxaa la yiraahdaa Maccavaddu, oo aad u xoog badan, weyna, ayaa noqon doona kan ka caawin doona hooyadiis inay boorsooyinka ay ka buuxaan alaabta ay ku ciyaaraan ku dhufato xaaqinka sixirka habeenkii 5-ta Janaayo.
Taa baddalkeeda, gabadha dumarka ah ee "Bbefana" - magaca Roomaanka ee Befana - waxaa lagu magacaabaa Pifanietta waxayna aad ugu fiican tahay tolida sharabaadyada midabka leh ee carruurtu ku qasbanaan doonaan inay ka baxaan goobta dabka, ama davanrazale de la davaniole Marcfan fiidnimadii habeenka Epiphany waxaa lagu heesay magaalooyinka Tuscany qaarkood:
Laakiin xitaa Marche Befana waxay leedahay guri, gaar ahaan magaalada Urbania, oo u dhow Pesaro, halkaas oo sannad kasta Janaayo 6-deeda dhammaan Befanas ee adduunka ay kulmaan, kuwaas oo ka badan Costinphiliacs oo leh nacnac midab leh oo ay ka buuxaan hadiyado yaryar.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaceeda iyo meesha ay degan tahay, Duqdii wanaagsanayd oo habeenka laba iyo tobnaad ka dib Christmas-ka, dhammaadka xilliga kala guurka ee u dhexeeya hore iyo sanadka cusub, waxay si sax ah u timaadaa Epibania albetro, sida horeba. lagu xusay, in shakhsiyadda Dabeecadda Hooyada, oo gaadhay dhammaadka wareegga nolosha jiilaalka; oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay isu muujisaa sidii saaxir duq ah oo naxariis badan oo fuushan xaaqinka duulaya.
Waxaas oo dhan waxa ka dambeeya, imaatinka Befana waxa ay sii ahaanaysaa dabbaaldeg weyn oo loogu talagalay kuwa yaryar kuwaas oo sidoo kale sugi doona soo laabashadeeda sanadkan sidoo kale, sida qaafiyaddan kale ee xannaanadu ay xaqiijinayso, fuushan mooto
Laakiin ka digtoonow, Befana ma rabto markhaati, sidaas darteed caawa carruurtu waa inay seexdaan goor hore, haddii kale Duqda wanaagsani way duuli doontaa iyada oo aan joogsan. Iyo wax kasta oo ka sarreeya waxay u baahan yihiin inay noqdaan kuwo wanaagsan oo deeqsi ah dhammaan kuwa aan waxba haysan, sababtoo ah Befana sixirku wuxuu arkayaa oo maqlayaa, sida aayadaha Pascoli waxay leeyihiin:
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